Gap Fund

• Blank, S. (2013). Customer discovery. In S. Blank, Four steps to the epiphany: Successful strategies for products that win (5th edition)(pp. 40-103). Wiley.
• Blank, S., & Dorf, B. (2012). Chapter 3: An introduction to customer discovery. In S. Blank & B. Dorf, The startup owner’s manual: The step-by-step guide for building a great company (pp. 53-68). K&S Ranch.
• Blank, S., & Dorf, B. (2012). Chapter 5: Customer discovery, phase two: “Get out of the building” to test the problem: “Do people care?”. In S. Blank & B. Dorf, The startup owner’s manual: The step-by-step guide for building a great company (pp. 189-226). K&S Ranch.
• Blank, S., & Dorf, B. (2012). Chapter 6: Customer discovery, phase three: “Get out of the building” to test the product solution. In S. Blank & B. Dorf, The startup owner’s manual: The step-by-step guide for building a great company (pp. 227-256). K&S Ranch.

• Ulwick, A. W. (2014). What is Outcome-Driven Innovation (ODI)? [Whitepaper].  
• Ulwick, A. W., & Bettencourt, L. A. (2008). Giving customers a fair hearing. MIT Sloan Management Review, 49(3), 62-68.  

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The Gap Fund is an integrated component of OTM’s workflow to move promising technologies from the laboratory to commercial use. The objective of the Gap Fund is to strategically deploy capital to help OTM accomplish its mission of transferring technologies created from the research conducted at WashU to the marketplace so that they can be used to benefit society.

In operating the Gap Fund, OTM has made a conscious decision to move away from the open competition model to make better use of its limited resources. The new model enables OTM to provide much better support to those technologies that are funded as well as technologies that are not yet ready for gap fund assistance. In the end, the new model holds promise to enable more WashU technologies to be successfully commercialized than the previous funding programs.

No, the Gap Fund does not provide funding to university start-up companies. The funding that the Gap Fund provides is directed to the laboratories of WashU researchers, who use the established WashU processes and procedures for contracting services and making purchases. As such, WashU owns any additional intellectual property (whether patentable or non-patentable) that is developed from gap funded projects.

Any WashU researcher in good standing who has properly assigned their intellectual property rights for inventions and creations to the university is eligible to receive Gap Fund support.

A person may only serve as the principle investigator for one active funded project at any given time. However, there is no limit to how many projects for which a person may be a team member provided that they are not a PI or co-PI.

Applications and nominations for the Gap Fund are accepted at any time.

The financial support provided by the Washington University Gap Fund can only be used for direct Project costs. Funds are intended to cover costs directly related to achieving the objectives of the Project scope of work (SOW) including, but not limited to, the following:

· Services from contract research organizations (CROs)

· Consulting or professional service fees

· Materials and supplies

· Specialized equipment not capable of being obtained through partnerships, renting, or leasing

· Testing services

Funds cannot be used for university overhead or new venture start-up costs including, but not limited to, the following:

· Facilities and administration (i.e., overhead) costs

· Employee salaries and fringe benefits (except in rare instances on a case-by-case basis)

· Student tuition remission, fellowships, and grants

· Consulting or professional service fees for preparing organizational registrations documents

· Organization registration filing fees (e.g., incorporation filing fees, attorney’s fees)

· Fees associated with licensing intellectual property

· Office expenses

· Marketing and advertising expenses

Because of intellectual property rights issues, undergraduate students cannot work on a Gap Fund project without prior notice to and agreement by OTM.

Decisions about which projects receive Gap Fund awards are made by an evaluation committee with input from external domain experts. Several factors are considered such as:

· Satisfaction of eligibility criteria

· Primary innovator contribution to commercialization and out-licensing efforts

· Project leader commercialization aptitude

· Primary innovator or project leader relationship with OTM

· Anticipated increase in technology maturity level

· Anticipated increase in the value of the technology

· Anticipated strength of intellectual property protection

· Alignment of the research and development plan with the market need

· Anticipated impact of the technology if it is commercialized

· Breadth of value creation

· Estimated size and growth of the target market

Other guidelines of which investigators should be aware include the following:

· WashU must be the lead institution if the technology has collaborators from other institutions

· The maturity level of the technology must be at least the equivalent of TRL-3 but no higher than the equivalent of TRL-6 on the NASA technology readiness level (TRL) scale

· There must not be any unresolved compliance issues with the technology

· The technology must not yet be licensed or otherwise encumbered

· There must be no apparent conflicts of interest that appear unmanageable or unresolvable

· The investigator must be in “good standing” with WashU

· There must be no serious unresolved issues with the investigator’s laboratory

· Technologies previously denied funding but not determined to be unviable may be reconsidered during a later selection cycle after sufficient actions have been taken to address deficiencies

The technology readiness level (TRL) scale is an ordinal scale that was developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It is used to characterize and describe the maturity level of a technology. The NASA TRL scale ranges from 1 (least mature) to 9 (most mature). OTM uses an adaption of the NASA TRL scale which ranges from 0 (least mature) to 9 (most mature).